使用Babel 让 Babel 与你所使用的工具协同工作-Js中文网

让 Babel 与你所使用的工具协同工作。

1Choose your tool (try CLI)

2Installation

There is no need to install babel-core, AVA bundles it already.

While you can install Babel CLI globally on your machine, it’s much better to install it locally project by project.

There are two primary reasons for this.

Different projects on the same machine can depend on different versions of Babel allowing you to update one at a time.
It means you do not have an implicit dependency on the environment you are working in. Making your project far more portable and easier to setup.

We can install Babel CLI locally by running:

npm install --save-dev @babel/core @babel/cli

Note: If you do not have a package.json, create one before installing. This will ensure proper interaction with the npx command.

After that finishes installing, your package.json file should include:

{
  "devDependencies": {
+   "@babel/cli": "^7.0.0",
+   "@babel/core": "^7.0.0"
  }
}

npm install -g babel-node-debug

npm install babel-register

npm install --save-dev broccoli-babel-transpiler

Compiling in the browser has a fairly limited use case, so if you are working on a production site you should be precompiling your scripts server-side. See setup build systems for more information.

You can use @babel/standalone as a precompiled version of Babel or run a bundler on Babel yourself. Check the usage section below for how to use it as a script.

You can also use the many online tools to prototype a script:

Babel’s own REPL

Online Editors that run Babel for you:

npm install --save-dev babelify babel-core

npm install --save-dev babel-brunch

npm install babel-connect

Support for Babel in .NET is provided by the ReactJS.NET project. The core library can be installed via NuGet:

Install-Package React.Core

npm install --save-dev duo-babel

npm install --save-dev ember-cli-babel

npm install -D fly-babel babel-preset-env

npm install --save-dev gobble-babel

npm install --save-dev grunt-babel @babel/core

# Babel 6
npm install --save-dev gulp-babel

# Babel 7
npm install --save-dev gulp-babel@next @babel/core

npm install --save-dev @babel/register

npm install --save-dev babel-jest

Select babel as the transpiler when running jspm init -p or to switch an existing project into Babel use:

jspm dl-loader --babel

npm install --save-dev karma-babel-preprocessor

npm install --save-dev lab-babel

Installed already on most Unix systems. Available from gow on Windows.

npm install metalsmith-babel

meteor add ecmascript

npm install --save-dev babel-register

Support for Babel in .NET is provided by the ReactJS.NET project. Install the MSBuild task via NuGet:

Install-Package React.MSBuild

npm install --save-dev babel-core

npm install babel-cli babel-preset-env --save-dev

npm install jstransformer-babel

webpacker is the new default javascript compiler for Rails 6. It comes with built-in support for transpiling with babel. To use it in earlier versions of Rails:

# Gemfile
gem 'webpacker'

bundle install
bundle exec rails webpacker:install

npm install requirejs-babel

npm install --save-dev rollup

npm install --save-dev rollup-plugin-babel

Instead of the es2015 preset:

npm install --save-dev babel-preset-es2015-rollup

gem install babel-transpiler

npm install --save-dev sails-hook-babel

# Gemfile
gem "sprockets"
gem "sprockets-bumble_d"

bundle install
npm install --save @babel/core @babel/plugin-external-helpers @babel/plugin-transform-modules-umd @babel/preset-env

npm install -D @start/plugin-lib-babel

npm install --save-dev babel-loader @babel/core

npm install --save-dev babel-cli

3Usage

AVA ships with ES2015 support built-in using Babel 6 under the hood, so you can write test using ES2015 syntax right away.

The AVA default Babel configuration includes the "es2015" and "stage-2" presets, but you can customize any Babel option for transpiling test files with the "babel" option in AVA’s package.json configuration.

For example:

{
  "ava": {
    "babel": {
      "presets": [
        "es2015",
        "react"
      ]
    }
  }
}

Or you can simply "inherit" the Babel configuration from .babelrc or Babel’s package.json configuration, making test files use the same configuration as your source files:

{
  "ava": {
    "babel": "inherit"
  }
}

Note that AVA always adds a few custom Babel plugins when transpiling your plugins see notes.

For more information see the AVA recipe on how to configure Babel.

Instead of running Babel directly from the command line we’re going to put our commands in npm scripts which will use our local version.

Simply add a "scripts" field to your package.json and put the babel command inside there as build.

  {
    "name": "my-project",
    "version": "1.0.0",
+   "scripts": {
+     "build": "babel src -d lib"
+   },
    "devDependencies": {
      "babel-cli": "^6.0.0"
    }
  }

Now from our terminal we can run:

npm run build

This will run Babel the same way as before and the output will be present in lib directory, only now we are using a local copy.

Alternatively, you can reference the babel cli inside of node_modules.

./node_modules/.bin/babel src -d lib

For full documentation on the Babel CLI see the usage docs.

babel-node-debug path/to/script.js

Or use the alias:

bode-debug path/to/script.js

For more information see the crabdude/babel-node-debug repo.

To include it you will need to require it at the top of the entry point to your application.

require("babel-register");

If you are using ES6’s import syntax in your application’s entry point, you should instead import at the top of the entry point to ensure it is loaded first:

import "babel-register";

All subsequent files required by node with the extensions .es6, .es, .jsx and .js will be transformed by Babel. The polyfill specified in polyfill is also automatically required.

Not suitable for libraries

The require hook automatically hooks itself into all node requires. This will pollute the global scope and introduce conflicts. Because of this it’s not suitable for libraries, if however you’re writing an application then it’s completely fine to use.

Not meant for production use

The require hook is primarily recommended for simple cases.

For full documentation on the Babel require hook see the usage docs.

var babelTranspiler = require("broccoli-babel-transpiler");
var scriptTree = babelTranspiler(inputTree, options);

For more information see the babel/broccoli-babel-transpiler repo.

With babel-standalone

<div id="output"></div>
<!-- Load Babel -->
<!-- v6 <script src="https://unpkg.com/babel-standalone@6/babel.min.js"></script> -->
<script src="https://unpkg.com/@babel/standalone/babel.min.js"></script>
<!-- Your custom script here -->
<script type="text/babel">
const getMessage = () => "Hello World";
document.getElementById('output').innerHTML = getMessage();
</script>

Via CLI

browserify script.js -t babelify --outfile bundle.js

Via Node API

browserify({ debug: true })
  .transform(babelify);

Or a more complete example:

var fs = require("fs");
var browserify = require("browserify");
var babelify = require("babelify");

browserify({ debug: true })
  .transform(babelify)
  .require("./script.js", { entry: true })
  .bundle()
  .on("error", function (err) { console.log("Error: " + err.message); })
  .pipe(fs.createWriteStream("bundle.js"));

Passing options

CLI

browserify -d -e script.js -t [ babelify --comments false ]

Node API

browserify().transform(babelify.configure({
  comments: false
}))

package.json

{
  "transform": [["babelify", { "comments": false }]]
}

For more information see the babel/babelify repo.

That’s it! Set babel options in your brunch config (such as brunch-config.coffee) except for filename and sourceMap which are handled internally.

plugins:
  babel:
    whitelist: ["arrowFunctions"]
    format:
      semicolons: false

For more information see the babel/babel-brunch repo.

var babelMiddleware = require("babel-connect");

app.use(babelMiddleware({
  options: {
    // options to use when transforming files
  },
  src: "assets",
  dest: "cache"
}));

app.use(connect.static("cache"));

For more information see the babel/babel-connect repo.

var babel = ReactEnvironment.Current.Babel;
// Transpiles a file
// You can instead use <code>TransformFileWithSourceMap</code> if you want a source map too.
var result = babel.TransformFile("foo.js");
// Transpiles a piece of code
var result = babel.Transform("class Foo { }");

Via CLI

duo --use duo-babel

Via Node API

Duo(root)
  .entry(entry)
  .use(babel)
  .run(fn);

For more information see the babel/duo-babel repo.

That’s it!

For more information see the babel/ember-cli-babel repo.

  export function* text () {
    yield this
      .source("src/**/*.js")
      .babel({ presets: ["env"] })
      .target("dist/")
  }

For more information see the flyjs/fly-babel repo.

var gobble = require("gobble");
module.exports = gobble("src").transform("babel", options);

For more information see the babel/gobble-babel repo.

require("load-grunt-tasks")(grunt); // npm install --save-dev load-grunt-tasks

grunt.initConfig({
  "babel": {
    options: {
      sourceMap: true
    },
    dist: {
      files: {
        "dist/app.js": "src/app.js"
      }
    }
  }
});

grunt.registerTask("default", ["babel"]);

For more information see the babel/grunt-babel repo.

var gulp = require("gulp");
var babel = require("gulp-babel");

gulp.task("default", function () {
  return gulp.src("src/app.js")
    .pipe(babel())
    .pipe(gulp.dest("dist"));
});

With source maps

Use gulp-sourcemaps like this:

var gulp = require("gulp");
var sourcemaps = require("gulp-sourcemaps");
var babel = require("gulp-babel");
var concat = require("gulp-concat");

gulp.task("default", function () {
  return gulp.src("src/**/*.js")
    .pipe(sourcemaps.init())
    .pipe(babel())
    .pipe(concat("all.js"))
    .pipe(sourcemaps.write("."))
    .pipe(gulp.dest("dist"));
});

For more information see the babel/gulp-babel repo.

In your spec/support/jasmine.json file make the following changes:

{
  "helpers": [
    "../node_modules/@babel/register/lib/node.js"
  ]
}

This file is created when you setup a project with the jasmine init command.

For more information see the piecioshka/test-jasmine-babel repo.

In your package.json file make the following changes:

{
  "scripts": {
    "test": "jest"
  },
  "jest": {
    "transform": {
      "^.+\\.jsx?$": "babel-jest"
    }
  }
}

For more information see the babel/babel-jest repo.

Babel will automatically be used when loading any source with import or export module syntax.

JSX support is currently disabled by jspm. To re-enable it, add \"blacklist": \[\]\ to \babelOptions\ in the jspm configuration file.

module.exports = function(config) {
  config.set({
    files: [
      "src/**/*.js",
      "test/**/*.js"
    ],
    preprocessors: {
      "src/**/*.js": ["babel"],
      "test/**/*.js": ["babel"]
    },
    "babelPreprocessor": {
      // options go here
    }
  });
};

For more information see the babel/karma-babel-preprocessor repo.

When running tests with lab set the transpiler to lab-babel:

lab -T node_modules/lab-babel

SRC = $(wildcard src/*.js)
LIB = $(SRC:src/%.js=lib/%.js)

lib: $(LIB)
lib/%.js: src/%.js .babelrc
  mkdir -p $(@D)
  babel $< -o $@

make

、CLI

Add the metalsmith-babel field to your metalsmith.json.

{
  "plugins": {
    "metalsmith-babel": {
      // babel options
    }
  }
}

、API

var Metalsmith = require("metalsmith");
var babel = require("metalsmith-babel");

new Metalsmith("./source")
  .use(babel({/* babel options */}));
  .build(function(err, files) {
    if (err) {
      throw err;
    }

    console.log("Completed.");
  });

For more information see the babel/metalsmith-babel repo.

That’s it! Any files with a .js extension will automatically be compiled with Babel.

As of Meteor 1.2, the ecmascript package is installed by default for all new apps, so meteor add ecmascript is only necessary for existing apps.

For more information see the ecmascript README.md.

Mocha 4

--compilers is deprecated as of Mocha v4.0.0. See further explanation and workarounds.

In your package.json file make the following changes:

{
  "scripts": {
    "test": "mocha --require babel-register"
  }
}

Some features will require a polyfill:

npm install --save-dev babel-polyfill

{
  "scripts": {
    "test": "mocha --require babel-polyfill --require babel-register"
  }
}

Mocha 3

{
  "scripts": {
    "test": "mocha --compilers js:babel-register"
  }
}

With polyfill:

{
  "scripts": {
    "test": "mocha --require babel-polyfill --compilers js:babel-register"
  }
}

Import the task in your MSBuild script:

<UsingTask AssemblyFile="packages\React.MSBuild.2.1.0\React.MSBuild.dll" TaskName="TransformBabel" />

Use it:

<TransformBabel SourceDir="$(MSBuildProjectDirectory)" TargetDir="" />

This will transform every .js and .jsx file in the directory, and output a .generated.js file alongside it.

See the guide for more information

require("babel-core").transform("code", options);

For full documentation on the Babel API see the usage docs.

In your package.json file make the following changes:

{
  "scripts": {
    "babel-node": "babel-node --presets=/*a*/ --ignore='foo|bar|baz'"
  }
}

Then call your script with:

nodemon --exec npm run babel-node -- path/to/script.js

Arguments caveat

Calling nodemon with babel-node may lead to arguments getting parsed incorrectly if you forget to use a double dash. Using npm-scripts helpers prevent this. If you chose to skip using npm-scripts, it can be expressed as:

nodemon --exec babel-node --presets=es2015 --ignore='foo\|bar\|baz' -- path/to/script.js

Now you can use ES6 in your pug templates as following.

script
  :babel
    console.log("Hello World !!!");
    class Person {
      constructor(name) {
        this.name = name;
      }
      sayName(){
        console.log(<code>Hello, my name is ${this.name}</code>);
      }
    }
    var person = new Person("Apoxx");
    person.sayName();

For more information see the jstransformers/jstransformer-babel repo.

That’s it!

For more information see the rails/webpacker repo.

Alternatively, if you need babel to transpile javascript that’s processed through sprockets, refer to the setup instructions for integrating babel with sprockets.

Add the following paths to your configuration:

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paths: {
  es6: "node_modules/requirejs-babel/es6",
  babel: "node_modules/requirejs-babel/babel-4.6.6.min"
}

Then reference files via the es6! plugin name:

define(["es6!your-es6-module"], function (module) {
  // ...
});

For more information see the mikach/requirejs-babel repo.

var rollup = require("rollup");
var babel = require("rollup-plugin-babel");

rollup.rollup({
  entry: "src/main.js",
  plugins: [ babel() ]
}).then(function (bundle) {
  bundle.write({
    dest: "dist/bundle.js",
    format: "umd"
  });
});

For more information see the rollup and rollup-plugin-babel repos.

require 'babel/transpiler'
Babel::Transpiler.transform File.read("foo.es6")

For more information see the babel/ruby-babel-transpiler repo.

That’s it!

For more information see the artificialio/sails-hook-babel repo.

# config/application.rb
extend Sprockets::BumbleD::DSL

configure_sprockets_bumble_d do |config|
  config.babel_config_version = 1
end

For more information see the rmacklin/sprockets-bumble_d repo.

import sequence from '@start/plugin-sequence'
import find from '@start/plugin-find'
import read from '@start/plugin-read'
import babel from '@start/plugin-lib-babel'
import write from '@start/plugin-write'

const babelConfig = {
  // …
  babelrc: false,
  sourceMap: true,
}

export const task = () =>
  sequence(
    find('src/**/*.js'),
    read,
    babel(babelConfig),
    write('build/')
  )

For more information see the deepsweet/start repo.

Via config

module: {
  rules: [
    { test: /\.js$/, exclude: /node_modules/, loader: "babel-loader" }
  ]
}

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Via loader

var Person = require("babel!./Person.js").default;
new Person();

For more information see the babel/babel-loader repo.

In Preferences – Tools – File watchers, click + button and select Babel file watcher from the list.

Specify the path to Babel executable and click Ok.

By default all files with a .js extension will be automatically compiled with Babel upon change. The generated ES5 files and source maps will be saved next to original files.

Lastly, in Languages & Frameworks – JavaScript – JavaScript language version, choose ECMAScript 6.

For more information see the post in the WebStorm blog.

4Create `.babelrc` configuration file

Great! You’ve configured Babel but you haven’t made it actually do anything. Create a .babelrc config in your project root and enable some plugins.

To start, you can use the env preset, which enables transforms for ES2015+

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npm install @babel/preset-env --save-dev

In order to enable the preset you have to define it in your .babelrc file, like this:

{
  "presets": ["@babel/preset-env"]
}

使用 Babel

1Choose your tool (try CLI)

Prototyping

Babel built-ins

Build systems

Frameworks

Test frameworks

Utilities

Language APIs

Template engines

Editors and IDEs

Debuggers

2Installation

3Usage

Not suitable for libraries

Not meant for production use

With babel-standalone

Via CLI

Via Node API

Passing options

Node API

package.json

Via CLI

Via Node API

With source maps

、CLI

、API

Mocha 4

Mocha 3

Arguments caveat

Via config

Via loader

4Create `.babelrc` configuration file

看完两件小事

1Choose your tool (try CLI)

Prototyping

Babel built-ins

Build systems

Frameworks

Test frameworks

Utilities

Language APIs

Template engines

Editors and IDEs

Debuggers

2Installation

3Usage

Not suitable for libraries

Not meant for production use

With babel-standalone

Via CLI

Via Node API

Passing options

Node API

package.json

Via CLI

Via Node API

With source maps

、CLI

、API

Mocha 4

Mocha 3

Arguments caveat

Via config

Via loader

4Create .babelrc configuration file

看完两件小事

4Create `.babelrc` configuration file